The five-pointed star traced by joining every second vertex of a regular pentagon. Because the diagonals cut one another in extreme and mean ratio, the pentagram is the golden ratio drawn rather than computed, and it was the Pythagorean sign of recognition. In the Western magical tradition it is the figure of the five elements and the standard mark of a consecrated space.
Sacred Ratio
phi (its diagonals cut one another in the extreme and mean ratio)
Construction
Draw a regular pentagon (Euclid, Elements IV.11) and connect each vertex to the second vertex from it, skipping one; the five lines close and cross five times. The inner figure is a smaller pentagon, and the operation can be repeated inside it without end, which is the self-similarity that produces phi.
Magical Uses
ProtectionBanishingInvocationConsecrationElemental work